Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) coating machines are advanced systems used to apply thin, protective layers onto various substrates. These machines operate in a vacuum environment where coating materials are vaporized and then deposited onto target surfaces. Common PVD techniques include sputtering, evaporation, and arc vapor deposition.

The process begins by placing the substrate inside a vacuum chamber. Air is evacuated to create a low-pressure environment. The coating material, often metals or ceramics, is then energized—typically through electrical means—to transform it into a vapor or plasma state. This vapor condenses on the substrate, forming a uniform, adherent thin film.